The Beijing Center

Library Tour: Nouvelle Relation de la Chine

Share This Post

Nouvelle Relation de la Chine, contenant la description des particularités les plus considerables de ce grand empire

Imagine traveling across continents in the 1600s to reach China—a world almost entirely unknown to Europeans at the time. That is exactly the experience of Magalhães, a Portuguese Jesuit missionary who spent over 20 years in China. This historical account was published in 1667 and is a vivid exploration of China through his eyes.

In Nouvelle Relation de la Chine, Gabriel de Magalhães transports readers to 17th-century China with detailed observations of its customs, government, and spiritual beliefs. Unlike typical accounts of the time, Magalhães portrayal of China tends to be more reflective and critical. He doesn’t just chronicle the landmarks, but he also talks about the customs, spiritual practices, and social systems that defined Chinese society at the time. He describes the imperial palaces with their intricate architecture, Confucian values, and the religious diversity of the land, all of which deeply fascinated Europeans seeking knowledge beyond their borders.

He describes how Chinese culture is shown in their maps, where China takes a central, expansive role, symbolizing their belief in their importance in the world, while other nations are considered secondary. Magalhães also shares how the Chinese view their traditions, philosophies, and systems as unmatched, showing a deep connection to their heritage. According to Magalhães, their pride comes from centuries of stability and innovation, building a strong confidence that exists in all levels of society.

For example, scholars at the time often assumed that true knowledge could only come from within their empire, highlighting their respect for their intellectual traditions. Even during moments of cultural exchange, like interactions with European missionaries, they expressed amazement at the thought that anything outside their empire could hold comparable value. While this perspective can seem narrow-minded, it is also a testament to their enduring cultural integrity and self-reliance. Magalhães also noticed how Chinese storytelling traditions reflect this pride.

One of the book’s most unique features is Magalhães’ perspective. As a missionary, he held firm religious beliefs but remained open to understanding Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism on their terms. Throughout the book is easy to spot Magalhães’ struggles with both admiration and critical analysis, revealing how early European travelers tried to interpret cultures so different from their own. Despite this criticism, Magalhães combines his observations with an understanding of human nature and China’s unique position. He acknowledges that cultural pride is common but argues that China’s vastness and advancements amplify its sense of greatness. His commentary also sheds light on challenges faced by missionaries, who had to navigate these cultural differences while spreading Christian teachings. He painted a nuanced picture of early cultural exchanges, reflecting both the admiration and frustration that European observers experienced during their time in China.

Through Magalhães’ eyes, Nouvelle Relation de la Chine captures an ancient empire at the height of its cultural and political power. It’s more than a history book; it’s an invitation to experience 17th-century China.

By Laury Castro, TBC Intern

More To Explore

Student Footprints

History and Hutongs: Connecting with Chinese Tradition through Handicraft

Snuff bottles represent a centuries-old cultural exchange between Europeans and the Chinese, where the import of tobacco products met the craftsmanship and artistry of Manchurian Beijing in the height of the Qing Dynasty. Manchu culture relished in entertainment and creature comforts, and snuff, being a mixture of ground tobacco and dried herbs, became very popular.

Cultural Dialogues

ChinaContact: University of Lima Students Take On Beijing for the First Time

It’s not every day we get to make history! This week, The Beijing Center proudly welcomed—for the first time ever—27 curious and enthusiastic students from the University of Lima, along with Internationalization Coordinator Claudia Valencia and David Barriga, our partner from AsiaB Consulting, for an unforgettable Beijing adventure.

Student Footprints

TBC Welcomes Spring 2025 Students from IAJU Magis Exchange Program 

This semester, The Beijing Center for Chinese Studies (TBC) has welcomed exchange students from AJCU schools to participate in the YES (Young Envoys Scholarship) program. With anticipation and curiosity, the exchange students have set foot on this unfamiliar land for the first time, starting their new chapter of study abroad.